Questions related to Pipe Fittings: -

1. How can flanges be classified based on Pipe Attachment?

 Answer: -

Flanges can be classified based on pipe attachment as: -

Slip – on. : - The Slip-on type flanges are attached by welding inside as well as outside. These flanges are of forged construction.

Socket Weld. : - The Socket Weld flanges are welded on one side only. These are used for small bore lines only.

Screwed. : - The Screwed-on flanges are used on pipelines where welding cannot be carried out.

Lap Joint. : - The Lap Joint flanges are used with stub ends. The stub ends are welded with pipes & flanges are kept loose over the same.

Welding Neck. : - The Welding neck flanges are attached by butt welding to the pipe. These are used mainly for critical services where the weld joints need radiographic inspection.

Blind. : - The Blind flanges are used to close the ends which need to be reopened.

Reducing. : - The reducing flanges are used to connect between larger and smaller sizes without using a reducer. In case of reducing flanges, the thickness of flange should be that of the higher diameter.

Integral. : - Integral flanges are those, which are cast along with the piping

component or equipment.

2. How can flanges be classified based on Pressure- temperature ratings?

Answer: -

Flanges are classified based on pressure temperature ratings as: -

#A. 150

#B. 300

#C. 400

#D. 600

#E. 900

#F. 1500

#G. 2500

Pressure temperature rating carts in the standard ASME16.5 specify the non-shock working

gauge pressure to which the flange can be subjected to at a particular temperature.

3. How can flanges be classified based on facing?

Answer: -

Flanges are classified based on facing as: -

1. Flat face. (FF)
2. Raised face. (R/F)
3. Tongue and groove. (T/G)
4. Male and female. (M/F)
5. Ring type joint. (RTJ)

4. How can flanges be classified based on face finish?

Answer: -

Flanges are classified based on face finish as: -

1. Smooth finish.
2. Serrated finish.

5. Where the smooth finish flange & serrated finish flange finds its use?

Answer: -

The smooth finish flange is provided when metallic gasket is provided and serrated finish flange is provided when non-metallic gasket is provided.

6. What are the types of serrated finish provided on flange face?

Answer: -

1. Concentric or
2. Spiral (Phonographic)

7. How the serration on flanges is specified?

Answer:

The serration on flanges is specified by the number, which is the Arithmetic Average Rough

Height (AARH).

8. Where the concentric serration is insisted for face finish?

Answer: -

Concentric serration are insisted for face finish where the fluid being carried has very low

density and can find leakage path through cavity.

9. How the Gaskets are classified based on the type of construction?

Answer: -

Based on the type of construction, gaskets are classified as: -

1. Full face.
2. Spiral wound metallic.
3. Ring type.
4. Metal jacketed.
5. Inside bolt circle.

10. What is the most commonly used material for Gasket?

Answer: -

Compressed Asbestos Fibre.

11. Which type of gasket is recommended for high temperature & high-pressure application?

Answer: -

Spiral Wound Metallic Gasket.

11. What are the criteria for selection of MOC of Spiral Wound metallic Gasket winding material?

Answer: -

The selection of material of construction for Gasket winding depends upon: -

1. The corrosive nature and concentration of fluid being carried.
2. The operating temperature of the fluid.
3. The relative cost of alternate winding material.

12. What are the most common materials used for spiral wound metallic gasket winding?

Answer: -

The most commonly used material for spiral wound metallic gasket winding is: -

1. Austenitic stainless steel 304 with asbestos filler.
2. Austenitic stainless steel 316 with asbestos filler.
3. Austenitic stainless steel 321 with asbestos filler.

13. Which material is used as filler material for spiral wound gasket in case of high temperature services?

Answer: -

For very high temperature services, graphite filler is used.

14. What is centering ring in connection to spiral wound gasket?

Answer: -

Spiral wound gaskets are provided with carbon steel external ring called centering ring.

15. What will be the AARH finish on flange face for using spiral wound gasket?

Answer: -

125-250 AARH finish.

16. On which type of flanges the use of spiral wound gasket are restricted?

Answer: -

rating spiral wound gasket on flanges other#ASME B16.5 does not recommend the use of 150 than welding neck and lapped joint type.

17. Up to what temperature limits the low strength carbon steel bolts should not be used for flanged joints?

Answer: -

C.°C or below - 28°Flanged joints using low strength carbon steel shall not be used above 200

17. How the pipe fittings are classified based on end connections?

Answer: -

Pipe fittings are classified based on end connection as: -

1. Socket weld fittings.
2. Screwed end fittings.
3. Beveled end or Butt weld fittings.
4. Spigot socket fittings.
5. Buttress end fittings.

18. Up to what temperature the carbon steel materials shall be used?

Answer: -

Carbon steel materials shall be used for temperature up to 425C°

19. Which material is used for temperature above 426C°?

Answer: -

Alloy steel materials shall be used for temperature above 426 C°

20. Which type of material is used for corrosive fluid?

Answer: -

Stainless steel materials shall be used for corrosive fluid.

21. Which type of piping materials are used for drinking water, instrument air etc?

Answer: -

Galvanized steel materials shall be used for drinking water, instrument air and NI lines (LP).

22. What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?

Answer: -

Pipe is identified by NB and thickness is defined by Schedule whereas Tube is identified by OD & its thickness as BWG (Brimingham wire gauge or 1/100 inch).

23. From which size onwards NB of pipe is equal to OD of Pipe?

Answer: -

From the size 14” and onwards NB = OD of pipe.

24. What should be the radius of long radius elbow?

Answer:

1.5D (Where “D” is the diameter of the pipe.)

25. What should be the radius of short radius elbow?

Answer:-

1D(Where “D” is the diameter of the pipe.)

26. What is the basis of using of short radius & long radius elbow?

Answer:-

Long radius elbow are used for small pressure drop whereas short radius elbow are used for high pressure drops. For catalyst flows vary long radius elbows are used.

27. Normally where do we use the following?

(1) Eccentric reducers.   (2) Concentric reducers.

Answer:

1. Eccentric reducers = Pump suction to avoid Cavitation, To maintain elevation (BOP) in rack.
2. Concentric reducers = Pump discharge, vertical pipeline etc.

28. Concentric reducer is used in pump suction. (Yes / No). Explain.

Answer:

No. Air pockets may form if concentric reducer is used at pump suction, which results in cavitation

and cause damage to Pump. To avoid this problem, Eccentric Reducer with flat side up (FSU) is

used in Pump Suction.

29. Where the ERW spiral & longitudinal pipes are used?

Answer: -

Use depends upon the availability of pipes. Nothing functional difference.

30. Where the ERW & Seamless pipes are used?

Answer: -

Above 18” ERW pipes are used. Below 18” seamless pipes are used. Seamless pipes can sustain

higher temperature & pressure.

31. What is the main use of ASTM A53 & A106 Gr.B pipes?

Answer: -

ASTM A53 pipes are mainly used for utility services whereas A106 Gr. B pipes are used for high

Pressure & high temperature services.

32. From which side of pipe will you take a branch connection?

Answer:- 

When fluid is Gas, Air or Steam and Cryogenic Service – Topside.

When Fluid is Liquid – Bottom Side.

33. Why don’t we take a branch for Cryogenic Service from bottom side though the fluid is in liquid state?

Answer: -

There is the chance of ice formation during normal operation and since ice flows from the bottom of the pipe it will block the branch pipe connection.

33. Why do we provide High Point Vent (HPV) and Low Point Drain (LPD) in piping?

Answer:

HPV – For removing Air during Hydro-test.

LPD – For draining water after conducting Hydro-test.

34. What do you mean by Jacketed Piping?

Answer: -

Piping which is recognized as providing the most uniform application of heat to the process, as well

as maintaining the most uniform processing temperatures where steam tracing is not capable of

maintaining the temperature of fluid constant. Usually used for molten sulphur, Polymers service.

35. What is the minimum distance to be maintained between two welds in a pipe?

Answer: -

The thumb rule is that the minimum distance between adjacent butt welds is 1D. If not, it is never

closer than 1-1/2". This is supposedly to prevent the overlap of HAZs. Minimum spacing of

circumferential welds between centerlines shall not be less than 4 times the pipe wall thickness or

25 mm whichever is greater.

36. What do you mean by IBR and which lines comes under IBR purview?

Answer: -

IBR: Indian Boiler Regulation Act.

Steam lines with conditions listed bellow comes under IBR purview : –

• Lines for which design pressure is 3.5 kg/sq. cm and above.
• Line size above 10” having design pressure 1.0 kg/sq. cm and above.
• Boiler feed water lines to steam generator, condensate lines to steam generator and flash drum.

37. What are Weldolet and Sockolet? And where they are used?

Answer:-

Weldolet and Sockolet are basically self-reinforced fittings.

Weldolet is used for Butt weld branch connection where standard tee is not available due to size

restrictions and the piping is of critical / high-pressure service. Sockolet is used for socket welding

branch connection, which require reinforcing pad.

38. What is the MOC for Superheated high pressure Steam Lines?

Answer:- 

A 335 Gr. P I / P 11, Composition: Cr. – ½ Mo (P1) / 1¼ Cr. – ½ Mo (P11)

39. What is the normal upstream and downstream straight length of orifice flow meter?

Answer: -

Upstream - 15D Downstream - 5D

Q:- Which is odd out?

1. HICC
2. Delay Cracking 
3. Cold Cracking 
4. Hot Cracking

Piping Interview Questions related to Materials: -

Questions related to Materials: -

1. Q:-What is the ASTM code for the following?

1. Pipes :-
2. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.
3. Tubes: -
4. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.
5. Wrought Iron Fittings: -
6. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.
7. Forged Fittings: -
8. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.
9. Cast Fittings: -
10. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.
11. Plates: -
12. Carbon Steel II. Alloy Steel III. Stainless Steel IV. Nickel Steel.

Answer: -

1. Pipes:-
2. Carbon Steel : - ASTM A53 Gr. A/B, ASTM A106 Gr. A/B/C, ASTM A333 Gr.1/Gr.6
3. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A335 Gr.P1/P2/P5/P7/P9/P11/P12/P22.

III. Stainless Steel :- ASTM A312TP304/TP304L/TP304H/TP308/TP310/TP316/TP316L/

TP316H/TP317/TP321/TP321H/TP347/TP347H/TP348/TP348H.

8. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A333Gr.3/ Gr.8.

1. Tubes:-
2. Carbon Steel :- ASTM A178/179/192, ASTM A334 Gr.1/6.
3. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A161T1, ASTM A213T1/T2/T5/T7/T9/T11/T12/T22.

III. Stainless Steel :- ASTM A213 TP304/TP304L/TP304H/TP310/TP316/TP316L/TP316H/

TP317/TP321/TP321H/TP347/TP347H/TP348/TP348H,

ASTM A608 HK40.

1. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A334Gr.3/Gr.8
2. Wrought Iron fittings :-
3. Carbon Steel :- ASTM A234Gr.WPA/B, ASTM A420 Gr.WPL6.
4. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A234 WP1/WP5/WP7/WP9/WP11/WP12/WP22.

III. Stainless Steel :- ASTM A403 WP304/WP304L/WP304H/WP309/WP310/WP316/

WP316L/WP316H/ WP317/WP321/WP321H/WP347/WP347H/

WP348.

8. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A420WPL6/WPL8.
9. Forged Fittings : -
10. Carbon Steel :- ASTM A181. ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF1/2.
11. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A182F1/F2/F5/F7/F9/F11/F12/F22.

III. Stainless Steel :- 

ASTM A182F6/F304/F304L/F304H/F310/F316/F316L/F316H/F321/

F321H/F347/F347H/F348.

522. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A350 LF3, ASTM A522.
523. Cast Fittings: -
524. Carbon Steel :- ASTM A216, ASTM A352 LCB/C.
525. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A217 WC1/WC6/WC9/C5/C12.

III. Stainless Steel :- ASTM A217 CA15, ASTM A296 CA15, ASTM A351 CF8/CF3/CH20/ CK20/CF 8M/CF 3M/CF 8C/HK40.

3. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A352LC3.
4. Plates: -
5. Carbon Steel :- ASTM A285, ASTM A515, ASTM A516.
6. Alloy Steel :- ASTM A387 Gr.2/Gr.5/Gr.7/Gr.9/Gr.11/Gr.12/Gr.22.

III. Stainless Steel :- ASTM A240 TP410/TP405/TP430/TP304/TP304L/TP309/TP310S/

TP316/TP316L/TP317/TP321/TP347/TP348

353. Nickel Steel :- ASTM A203 Gr.D/Gr.E, ASTM A353.

2. Q:-What is the basic difference between Pipe specification A106 Gr.A / Gr.B/ Gr.C.?

Answer: -

Difference is due to the Carbon content.

% of carbon content in : -

1. ASTM A106 Gr. A – 0.25 %
2. ASTM A106 Gr. B – 0.30 %

II ASTM A106 Gr. C – 0.35 %.

3. Q:-What is the difference between pipe specification ASTM A312 TP 304 & ASTM A312 TP304L, ASTM A312 TP 316 & ASTM A312 TP 316L?

Answer: -

Difference is due to the Carbon content. The Letter “L” denotes lower percentage of carbon.

% of carbon content in : -

1. ASTM A312 TP 304 - 0.08 %
2. ASTM A312 TP 304L- 0.035%

III. ASTM A312 TP 316 - 0.08 %

1. ASTM A312 TP 316L- 0.035%

Q:- What is odd out?

A). Cap
B). Rained for cement
C). Exec weld metal

Q:-For what thickness will this Procedure be qualified if the required tests are successfully passed?

a. Unlimited

b. 1/8 to 2T inches

c. 1/8 to unlimited

d. Both a and b

e. Both b and c

Q:- Spaters Occur

1. High. heat input

2. Reduce arc length

3. Use dry electrode

Q:- Which of the following mechanical properties of a weld in carbon manganese steel is most affected, if the heat input per unit length of weld is excessively high:

a) Elongation
b) Tensile strength
c) Hardness
d) Toughness (impact value

Interview Questions Answers Related to Codes & standard

Questions Answers Related to Codes & standard: -

1. Q:-What is the ASME code followed for design of piping systems in Process piping (Refineries & Chemical Industries)?

(i) B 31.1
(ii) B 31.3
(iii) B 31.5
(iv) B 31.9

Answer (II)

2. Q:-Which American institute standard does piping engineer refer?

Answer: -

A. The American Petroleum institute (API).
B. The American Iron & Steel institute (AISI).
C. The American Society for Testing and materials (ASTM).
D. The American National standard institute (AISI).
E. The American welding society (AWS).
F. The American Water Works Association (AWWA).
G. The American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

3. Q:-What is the different ASME 31 code for pressure piping?
Answer: -

A. ASME B31.1 - Power piping.
B. ASME B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping.
C. ASME B31.3 - Process piping.
D. ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation system for liquid hydrocarbon & other liquid.
E. ASME B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping.
F. ASME B31.8 - Gas transmission & distribution piping system.
G. ASME B31.9 - Building services piping.
H. ASME B31.11 - Slurry transportation piping system.

4. Q:-What are the different sections of ASME code? Where these sections are referred?
Answer: -

A. ASME section I : - Rules for construction of power boiler.
B. ASME Section II : - Materials.
Part A – Ferrous materials.
Part B – Non-Ferrous materials.
Part C – Specification for electrodes & filler wire.
Part D – Properties.

C. ASME Section IV : - Rules for construction of Heating Boiler.
D. ASME Section V : - Non- destructive Examination.
E. ASME Section VI : - Recommended rules for care & operation of heating boiler.
F. ASME Section VII : - Recommended guidelines for care of power boiler.
H. ASME Section VIII : - Rules for construction of pressure vessels. (Division I & II)
I. ASME Section IX : - Welding & Brazing qualification.

5. Q:-Which American standard is reffered for selection of following piping element?

A. Flanges B. Butt Welded fittings C. Gasket D. Socket & Threaded fittings
E. Valves F. Pipes.

Answer: -

A. Flanges :-

I. ASME B16.1 : - Cast iron pipes flanges & flanged fittings.
II. ASME B16.5 : - Carbon steel pipes flanges & flanged fittings. (Up to 24”)
III. ASME B16.47 : - Large Diameter steel flanges. (Above 24”)

B. Butt welded fittings :-

I. ASME B16.9 : - Steel butt welding fittings.
II. ASME B16.28 : - Butt-welded short radius elbows & returns bends.

C. Gasket :-

I. ASME B16.20 / API -601: - Metallic gaskets for pipe flanges- Spiral wound,
Octagonal ring Joint & Jacketed flanges.
II. ASME B16.21 : - Non metallic gasket.

D. Socket & Threaded fittings :

I. ASME B16.11 : - Forged steel socket welding & threaded fittings.

E. Valves :-

I. ASME B16.10 : - Face to face & end to end dimension of valves.
II. ASME B16.34 : - Flanged & butt-welded ends steel valves (Pressure &Temperature ratings)
except Ball, Plug & Butter fly Valves.

F. Pipes :-

I. ASME B36.10 : - Welded & Seamless wrought iron pipes.
II. ASME B36.19 : - Stainless steel pipes.

Take Free Practice Test AWS CWI

If you are Interested to attend our AWS CWI Seminar, Please Fill the Enquiry Form:

Full Name


E-mail:


Your Details:

AWS-CWI Certification Seminar | Certified Welding Inspector Training Delhi

Certified Welding Inspector Training, AWS-CWI Certification Seminar in Delhi

Eurotech is pleased to announce that it will be sponsoring a AWS CWI Certified Welding Inspector Seminar and Examination. American Welding Society have engaged Eurotech to provide an 48-hour course over a one-week period to prepare students for taking the AWS CWI/CWE test after the training.

The seminar and examination will be held in New Delhi India.

AWS-CWI Certification is one of the industry’s most reputed Stamps of approval. Industry professional who qualify for CWI and SCWI are highly regarded and sought after throughout the welding and QA/QC industry, because certification adheres to a highly documented level of skill and capability

AWS-CWI course will serve as a sound refresher in welding inspection, particularly for practising welding inspectors, Welding Engineers, welding supervisors, welding manager, welding fabrication, and anyone aspiring to be an AWS-CWI (Certified Welding Inspector). The main emphasis is on what a professional welding inspector should know in actual practice.AWS CWI Course participants will undergo a rigorous programme to get them well versed with the codes or standards in use, the fundamentals of welding inspectors, and actual hands-on examinations of weld replicas with various inspection tools.

Eligibility CWI Certified Welding Inspector Exam/Seminar:

Minimum of 5 year industry experience or Minimum of 3 year industry experience with degree/diploma holders in engineering, technology, engineering physics or physical science

• Associate or higher degree in engineering technology, engineering, or a physical science 3 years
• High school diploma plus two or more years engineering/technical school courses 3 years
• High school diploma plus one year engineering/technical school courses or one or more years of vocational education and training in a welding curriculum 4 years
• High school diploma or approved high school equivalency diploma 5 years
• At least 8th grade 9 years
• Less than 8th grade 12 years

Certified Welding Inspector Exam Pattern:

• Part A – Fundamentals 150 2 hours 72% Close Book
• Part B – Practical 46 2 hours 72% Close Book
• Part C – Code Book 60 2 hours 72% Open Book

AWS CWI Seminar Description:

Welding Inspection Technology Workshop - 3 DAYS

Helps prepare you for the CWI/CWE Exam (Part A) The Welding Inspection Technology Workshop is packed with information on nondestructive examination methods applicable to common welding processes. It will assist welding inspectors and welding educators with knowledge of welding and inspection fundamentals useful on the jobsite. In addition, this seminar will prepare examination candidates for Part A (Fundamentals) of the CWI examination.

Visual Inspection Workshop( 1.5 Day)

Helps prepare you for the CWI/CWE Exam (Part B) This workshop provides hands-on training in the use of weld measurement tools and plastic weld replicas to determine the sizes of various weld discontinuities. Students will compare what they find to the criteria in a sample codebook to determine the acceptability or rejection criteria of the sample weldments. The workshop also includes a sample practical examination to prepare test candidates for Part B (Practical Applications) of the CWI examination. By attending this workshop, you can learn: Use of inspection tools. How to ensure compliance with the applicable code. Do’s and don’ts of documentation. When a discontinuity is acceptable. When a discontinuity can be rejected. Why visual inspection can be the most effective NDE technique.

API 1104 Code Clinic( 1.5 DAY)

Helps prepare you for the CWI Exam (Part C) if you are testing to API 1104 This four-hour course covers general provisions of API 1104, including qualification of welding procedures for welds containing filler-metal additions, design and preparation of the joint for production welding, nondestructive testing and acceptance standards, and automatic welding with and without filler-metal additions. Candidates will be given the Course material for training before the workshop and are supposed to come with a thorough reading in the class.

Benefits of AWS CWI Exam:

• Official Course for AWS CWI Certification
• 6 Days Intensive Training
• Includes Basic NDT Techniques and Welding Techniques
• Results in Deeper Understanding of Welding Quality

AWS CWI Seminar Location: Country: India City: New Delhi

Who Should Attend CWI Certified Welding Inspector Course?

All personnel whose responsibilities are in making decision, exercising of judgment concerning welding operations in the following industries. Like Oil and Gas, Manufacturing, Petrochemical, Power Generation and Power Stations, Ship Building/Ship Repair and Construction, Offshore Fabrication, Railways, Service and Maintenance and Metal Fabrication.

Click here to Check Our Next AWS CWI Seminar

Click Here to Take free AWS CWI Exam

Renewals process for CWI Certified Welding Inspector:

The renewal process is part of your continued certification according to QC1:2007.The validity of the certification is 3 years and Certified Welding Inspectors can renew their status by applying in the prescribed application format before the expiration date of the certification.

If the renewals are not applied before expiration, the candidates lose their CWI Certified Welding Inspector status and will have to reappear for fresh certification.

Contact us for the renewals of your AWS-CWI, SCWI certifications well before 8-weeks of expiration.

Please Contact Puneet Sharma via phone: +91-8196980555 or by email at aws.cwi.training@gmail.com to reserve your place early and to be issued a CWI application.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask!

Mr.Puneet Sharma | Call: +91- 8196980555 | E-mail: aws.cwi.training@gmail.com

Attend AWS CWI Seminar, Please fill out the Enquiry Form:

Full Name


E-mail:


Your Details: